Competition at the subnational level concerns how jurisdictions set tax, spending, or regulatory policies while accounting for the fact that these policies affect the locations of individuals, firms and mobile factors. This paper highlights the importance of studying subnational competition and...

Trade facilitation policy focuses on accelerated and transparent shipment processing to reduce trade costs. A common measure to evaluate processing frictions is the time it takes to import. In this paper we translate import processing times to costs. Our theory considers that shipment processing...