Experimentally observed deviations of behavior from game theoretic predictions suggest that fairness does influence … decision making. Fairness in the sense of equality has become an essential element of economic models aiming at explaining … only fairness norm to be taken into account. More equity norms than equality exist, including inequality of payoffs. Since …

; (3) perceptions of fairness are prone to the so-called self-serving bias. (4) expectations are often not consistent with …

. Strong reciprocity means that people willingly repay gifts and punish the violation of cooperation and fairness norms even in …

, culture, and endogenous emotions are the key determinants of contributions and punishments. The emotions of shame, frustration …

. Strong reciprocity means that people willingly repay gifts and punish the violation of cooperation and fairness norms even in …