This paper surveys the recent literature exploring the causes of urban pollution in the developing world and the … implications of such pollution for a city's competitiveness. Within a system of cities, cities compete for jobs and people. Those … pollution inhibit urban competitiveness? Second, why is this effect likely to grow in importance over time? Third, why have …

We study environmental pollution in an economic geography framework with two cities, where pollution arises from … energy use. We find that city size has an ambiguous effect on pollution levels. We also analyse how pollution changes with …