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magnitude than the positive redistribution operated by direct taxes and transfers. Third, cross-country differences in the …
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This paper investigates how the distribution of income changes when the standard definition of disposable income is replaced by an extended income concept which takes into account the three 'I's: indirect taxes, imputed rent, and in-kind benefits. Second, it assesses how sensitive the...
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monotonicity. Efficiency: redistribution has no cost. Symmetry: members of the society with the same performance obtain the same … reward after redistribution. Monotonicity: whenever both the performance of a certain member of the society as well as the … overall performance of the society do not decrease, then this member's reward after redistribution does not decrease. …
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This paper aimed at discussing the Congolese government's choice on exempt goods during indirect tax reform and, on the other side, assessing the impact of this reform on inequality. We estimated from 123 household surveys from 2005 the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System for the first time in...
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