In this paper, we offer a novel explanation to the surge in patenting bserved during the last years. With low … patentability standards at PTOs (Patent and Trademark Offices awarding so-called bad patents), not only “false innovators” have the … chance of being granted patents but also, and more interestingly, “true innovators” are forced to patent more intensively …

higher levels of innovation and lower levels of secrecy. An increase in the size of the market, a reduction in the cost of …

Novelty value is one of the legal requirements for a patentable innovation but it has been given relatively little … attention in the literature. It is often abstracted away by assuming that any innovation is patentable. We study the optimal … novelty requirement in a model where ideas are scarce, and where turning an idea into an innovation requires resources. We …

innovation, then invest in the chosen direction, and finally, compete. Investments can be in competing or non …-competing innovations and their outcome is uncertain. If successful, a firm can be imitated by the rival. Patent protection prevents … show that the level of the requirement may affect the direction of firms' R\&D trajectories. While in a mild patent regime …

We show how characterizing optimal patent policy for the pharmaceutical industry only requires information about …, we use data on Paragraph IV patent challenges, and two quasi-experimental approaches: one based on changes in patent laws … and another on the allocation of patent applications to examiners. We find that extending effective patent duration …

supplemental information on IP litigation and patent portfolios. The rich survey information regarding firms’ general innovation …We contribute to the economic literature on patent litigation by taking a new perspective. In the past, scholars mostly … focused on specific litigation cases at the patent level and related technological characteristics to the event of litigation …

This paper develops a three-stage model of innovation, fixed-fee licensing and production to evaluate the welfare … effects of compulsory licensing, taking into account both static (information sharing) and dynamic (innovation incentive …

This article investigates patent protection for a long sequence of innovations where firms repeatedly supersede each … using a patentability requirement--a minimum innovation size required for patents. A patentability requirement can stimulate … to innovation …

This study was initiated in order to provide more factual insight into the recent debates on patent reforms in general … and more particularly, the practice of patent continuations in the United States Patent and Trademark Office ("USPTO … components of the flow of patent applications to the USPTO was carried out and insight into the ever-increasing propensity of …

We investigate the causal effect of patent rights on cumulative innovation, using large-scale data that approximate the … patent universe in its technological and economic variety. We introduce a novel instrumental variable for patent invalidation … that exploits personnel scarcity in post-grant opposition at the European Patent Office. We find that patent invalidation …