academic performance. We start by introducing a simple theoretical model in which students decide the optimal allocation of … using data from first year undergraduate students of economics in the academic year 1998-99 at the University of Ancona …

The great majority of studies on the effect of school quality on academic outcomes do not take account of changes in … student choices concerning effort if school quality, e.g. class size, changes. We show that empirical estimates of the "total …" effect of changes in school quality could be quite different from the "partial" effect holding other inputs (including …

This paper analyzes optimal grading in a world that focuses on top grades. Students choose an effort level, their … coarseness of the grading scale to maximize student welfare. When choosing their effort, students overweight outstanding -- or …/Fail scales (tenure decisions) via A-F-scales (school) to fully disclosing scores (e.g. SAT) …

Concerns over grade inflation and the profusion of high grades have led institutions of higher education in the United …

larger and more heterogeneous groups. We randomized 24 schools to treatment and 24 schools to control. For students receiving … small-group instruction, we find that test scores increase by .06 SD. Moreover, the share of low-performing students … decreases by up to 25 percent. We find no impact on treated students in large groups. Classroom observations and surveys to …

exclusion of poorly performing pupils. In England there were two phases of academy school introduction, the first in the 2000s … being a school improvement programme for poorly per-forming schools, the second a mass academisation programme from 2010 for …

presenting a novel identification strategy for separately estimating effects from entrance and relative age at school entry that …-random variation in entrance and relative ages, this paper then specifies and estimates education production functions for achievement …

We study the effect of standardized external tests on students’ academic outcomes. We exploit the fact that only one of … improves student outcomes. A key novelty is that our exams do not have academic consequences for the students, so effects have …

exclusion of poorly performing pupils. In England there were two phases of academy school introduction, the first in the 2000s … being a school improvement programme for poorly performing schools, the second a mass academisation programme from 2010 for …

This paper investigates the impact of working while in school on learning outcomes through the use of a unique micro … panel dataset of students in the São Paulo municipal school system. The potential endogeneity of working decisions and … learning outcomes is addressed through the use of a difference-in-difference estimator and it is shown that the results are …