The literature has paid very little attention to a potential positive endogenous nexus between trade globalization and … the gravity trade theory, using data from a sample of 134 IMF countries over the pe- riod 1974-1998. An extensive search … shows that trade globalization dampens political liberalization, though political liberalization fosters trade globalization …

As a democracy develops and matures, the number of interest groups attempting to voice their interests with respect to … trade policies tends to increase, and sometimes governments collide with them in the process of enacting restraints. This … paper aims to investigate empirically the role of interest groups in Korea's trade policy, utilizing the Grossman and …

discusses how the level of development influences the political equilibrium. We also analyze the relation between trade and the …

Societal theories of trade policy stress the importance of domestic interest groups, whereas statist theories focus on … macroeconomic conditions on trade policy to be weaker in fragmented states than in those characterized by a highly centralized … potent impact on trade policy in democracies than in other regimes, since the electoral constraints facing democratic leaders …

This paper develops a new model of trade policy under dictatorship and democratization. The paper makes two … by studying the endogenous interaction between the form of government and trade policy. The paper's second contribution … is to show how a dictatorship can manipulate trade policy to maintain its grip on power in the face of permanent world …

to democracy and vice versa (consistent with the recent theoretical work by Acemoglu and Robinson) but, unlike older … significant policy implications - it increases the volatility of both trade and fiscal policies. Furthermore, policy volatility …

The National Treatment clause (NT) is the first-line defense in the GATT (and in most other trade agreements) against … internal taxation under the GATT. It is shown that despite severely restricting the freedom to set internal taxes, NT may …. Furthermore, it requires a high degree of economic sophistication on behalf of trade negotiators in order for this beneficial …

The basic legal instrument in the WTO Agreement regulating domestic environmental policies is the GATT National …) in NT disputes. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of this burden for trade liberalization and for the …

We quantify the partial and general equilibrium effects of GATT/WTO membership on trade and welfare. Using an extensive … database covering manufacturing trade for 186 countries over the period 1980-2016, we find that the average impact of GATT/WTO … more. Using these estimates, we simulate the general equilibrium effects of GATT/WTO on welfare, which are sizable and …