This is the first research report with specific technical focus on cryptographic ‘proof of work' in the context of virtual crypto-currencies such as Bitcoin. Situated somewhere along the trajectory between real money and quantum money, virtual crypto-currencies based upon ‘cryptographic...

[Update: Within four weeks of the original publication of this research report, Risk Magazine reported in its 28th February 2012 issue story titled 'Goodbye VaR? Basel to Consider Other Risk Metrics': "A review of trading book capital rules, due to be launched in March by the Basel Committee on...

Financial institutions are subject to many sources of risk, where risk often represents the degree of uncertainty about future net returns. Credit Risk can result in potential loss due to the inability of a counterparty to meet its obligations and is a function of the credit exposure, the...

Goal: ISO 31000 Risk Management (RM) recently re-defined risk as the effect of uncertainty on an organization's ability to meet the objectives. Earlier, it defined risk as a combination of the probability and scope of the (predicted) consequences. The revised ISO Risk advances beyond a static...