This study is part of the 'Environmental Footprint and Material Efficiency Support for Product Policy' project funded by the Directorate-General for Environment (DG Environment) from 2012 until 2016. Material efficiency criteria for products have become increasingly relevant for European Union...

The security of supply of raw materials has become a high-priority theme in the political agenda of the European Union (EU). The European Commission has started to take action in order to ensure access to resources and avoid supply shortages. Critical Raw Materials (CRMs) have been identified...

Soil is a key environmental compartment, determining the supply of crucial ecosystem services as well as supporting biodiversity below and above ground. In the last 15 years, substantial efforts have been made to incorporate the impacts on land due to production processes - from a life cycle...

The European Commission (EC) has been developing an assessment framework to monitor the evolution of environmental impact associated to the European Union (EU) consumption. The assessment framework should help to support a wide array of policies, such as those related to resource efficiency,...

The European Commission (EC) has been developing an assessment framework to monitor the evolution of environmental impact associated to the European Union (EU) consumption. The assessment framework should help to support a wide array of policies, such as those related to resource efficiency,...

In the context of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), according to ISO 14044 (ISO 2006), normalisation is an optional step of Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) which allows the practitioner expressing results after characterization using a common reference impact. This supports the comparison between...

This report presents the results of a study aiming to assess the environmental impact of two alternative scenarios for the new Common Agricultural Policy, evaluated by using the features of the Land Use Modelling Platform (LUMP). The first scenario set the baseline conditions in form of the...

This report presents the results of a study aiming to assess the environmental impact of two alternative scenarios for the new Common Agricultural Policy, evaluated by using the features of the Land Use Modelling Platform (LUMP). The first scenario set the baseline conditions in form of the...

This paper addresses a series of key policy questions in industrial R&D. It questions whether EU growth suffers from underinvestment in R&D, or whether the lack of R&D is a reflection of more general imperfections of the single market. It also elaborates on the finding that EU companies in...

Ten years ago, when the Strategic Energy Technology (SET) Plan was launched, the energy transition was in the making but still looked distant. While the challenge of successfully transforming our energy system still lies ahead of us, few would deny that the chances of success seem today much...