The EU electricity directive (96/92/EC) established the right of the member states to choose between Regulated and Negotiated Third Party Access (RTPA and NTPA). The interest group theory is able to explain whether the introduction of NTPA in Germany had been an interest group equilibrium under...

According to the European Directive on the sale of consumer goods, the German state must change the law for contracts between private buyers and commercial firms until end of year. In cases of defects sellers are liable for two years; for six months after delivering lack proving need no longer...

1994 wurde der deutsche Versicherungsmarkt umfassend dereguliert: Die Versicherungsbedingungen und die Tarife in der Kraftfahrzeug-, Lebens- bzw Krankenversicherung müssen ex ante nicht mehr genehmigt werden. Aufgrund dieser umfassenden Änderung des Regelwerkes wurden vor allem in der...

According to European directives the German state deregulated several sectors which had been protected monopolies for a long time. A regulatory authority was established for the telecommunication sector with the competence to decide about the access conditions to the bottleneck "local loop". If...