This paper utilizes an established economic framework, grounded in Becker's (1981) path-breaking analysis of altruism and envy within the family, to explore hate crimes, also known as bias-motivated crimes. After developing a hate crime economic framework, we make use of a unique data set on...

This note reestimates Grossman and Krueger's (1993) SO2 emissions regression including regressors to capture the effects of scale, trade and trade policy. Several new results are obtained. Increases in economic activity have a negative effect on the environment separate from changes in per...