Against a background of projections of sharply increasing elderly dependency rates, workers in the major industrial economies are apprehensive that their social security benefit entitlements will be cut before or after they retire, leaving them with inadequate retirement income. This paper looks...

A country's endowment of human capital can affect its institutions through various channels. This raises the possibility that skilled emigration can leave its mark on a country's institutional development. We combine recent datasets on emigrant stocks and institutional quality to explore the...

We examine the geographic co-location of university research and industrial R&D in three technology areas. While we find strong evidence of co-location of these vertically connected activities, regional economies appear to vary markedly in their ability to convert local academic research into...