This study distinguishes factor/output substitution and shift of production technology frontiers. Our model includes by-product of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions, in which the function requires the simultaneous reductions of the emissions and expansion of good outputs. On world...

We measure energy price induced technological progress using directional distance function for a panel data of 55 countries over the period 1974 to 2000 and find several important insights. First, we observe larger induced technological change effects in developed countries in the periods after...

Ignoring consumption inequality between individuals within a household is shown to not only underestimate the Gini coefficient and poverty measures but these vary considerably over different income groups even in a small island state like Fiji. Interestingly, the Kuznets curve for...