Data envelopment analysis was introduced as a nonparametric linear programming estimator to estimate the production frontier and technical efficiency of observed production units. Allowing multiple inputs and multiple outputs, the approach can be considered a nonparametric quantile regression...

In this paper, we discuss three-stage models that control for exogenous, non-discretionary inputs in data envelopment analysis. In a recent article in this journal, Monte Carlo analysis was employed to compare and contrast alternative DEA models that measure efficiency in the presence of...