This paper discusses a variety of empirical findings suggesting that surprise is positively related with enhanced memory recall. This opens the door for the assumption that surprising stimuli can be used in a controlled way to enhance learning. A predictive model based on a Darwinian...

We propose a theory of cryptocurrencies employing proof of socially beneficial work. New tokens of these cryptocurrencies would be issued only based on work that has already been conducted, with demonstrated and easily quantifiable positive results. We theorize that such cryptocurrencies will...