The study outlines the main challenges when setting up a “current account (CA) model” in order to measure external imbalances. This model is a reduced-form relationship between the CA balance and a set of CA fundamental and policy drivers, from which a CA “norm” may be derived and...

The aim of the present note is to outline a general, but at the same time comprehensive, framework of the array of instruments that regulators can use in their activity of prudential regulation and supervision. Such a framework should be applicable to a variety of geographical and historical...

The article analyses recent developments in business investment for a large group of EU countries, using a broad set of analytical tools and data sources. We find that the assessment of whether or not investment is currently low varies across benchmarks and countries. At the euro area level and...