We analyze the optimal behavior of an organization when its employees can manipulate the organization's accounting system to their private advantage. We find that the organization may benefit by helping its employees manipulate the system. This help can reduce the employees' private returns from...

Both soft, non‐contractible, and hard, contractible, information are informative about managerial ability and future firm performance. If a manager's future compensation depends on expectations of ability or future performance, then the manager has implicit incentives to affect the...

It has long been recognized that competitive considerations play a central role in corporate voluntary disclosure practices. Yet, the ways in which competition and disclosure interact are sensitive to various factors, including both the nature of information and the nature of competitive...