In contrast to the current literature, we provide new evidence supporting a positive relation between idiosyncratic risk and the expected future market return. Since a large part of the idiosyncratic risk can be diversified away easily, the conventional aggregate idiosyncratic risk measures can...

We develop a simple model to address the interaction between security lending market and security trading market. Whether a security is hard to borrow or not results in two different scenarios of the interaction process. When a security is easy to borrow, short-selling leads to a lower spot...