University spin-out companies face major impediment ofaccess to venture capital. Using a finance pecking order perspective, thisstudy examines the problems that university spin-out (USO) companies face whenseeking venture capital. Focus is on USOs that are expected to have growthprospects but...

The purpose of this study is to examine the role of firm size as a determinant of government-imposed, customs-related transaction costs (such as delays and the paperwork needed for customs clearance).Another purpose is to assess the impact that firm size has on the relationship between these...