A complex system consists of a lot of interactive individuals, agents, or units. It occurs widely but is hard to model in both natural and social sciences. Its behavior is neither regular nor random. However, it has some kinds of structures which capture our interesting to study. We can apply...

Guided by a price-volume probability wave differential equation in a new mathematical method, we study intraday market dynamic equilibrium in stock market. We select intraday cumulative trading volume distribution over a price range for individual mental representation and determine a price...