The main aim of this paper is to forecast both in-sample and out-of-sample lithium prices. Specifically, we explore the empirical implications of the present value model for exchange rates, market indexes, mining company prices and related company prices in hi-tech, automotive, electric vehicle...

We consider the pricing of a uniformly mixed pollutant when enforcement is costly with a model of optimal, possibly firm-specific, emissions taxes and their enforcement. We argue that optimality requires an enforcement strategy that induces full compliance by every firm. This holds whether or...