Using a static world CGE model, this paper compares welfare and output effects of trade liberalization of a perfectly competitive model and eight imperfectly competitive models in a unified framework. Our main finding is that welfare effects are generally robust to the model choice whereas...

The Japanese government plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 80% by 2050. However, it is not yet clear which policy measures the government will adopt to achieve this goal. In this regard, environmental tax reform, which is the combination of carbon regulation and the reduction of...

The adoption of domestic emissions trading schemes (ETS) can impose a heavy burden on energy-intensive industries. In particular, energy-intensive industries competing with foreign competitors could lose their international edge. Although the abatement of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in...