The overall goal of this paper is to review policy analysis for subsequent policy changes with a variety of quantitative methods - to improve the impact of trade on rural poverty and environmental sustainability. This study seeks to improve understanding of the relationship between trade...

The term “eco-labeling” has become a buzzword in today's sustainable business world. The use of eco-labeling in various forms has been increasing notably for past many years, sometimes as an environmental “requirement” and sometimes merely as a marketing tool. Questions arise about how...

Environmental pollution is an emerging issue in many developing countries and its mitigation is increasingly being integrated into national development policies. One approach to mitigate the problem is by implement pollution control policies in the form of pollution tax or clean technology...

Problem statement: Lacking of proper environmental models environmental pollution is now a solemn problem in many developing countries particularly in Malaysia. Some empirical studies of worldwide reveal that imposition of a carbon tax significantly decreases carbon emissions and does not...

Water scarcity is becoming a central issue in agricultural activities around the world. As agriculture is one of the major consumers of freshwater, more yield or output using same or less amount of water has become the global interest. Therefore water productivity (WP) is also considered as an...

We extend the rational speculative bubbles literature to the frontier emerging stock markets. For this purpose, this paper employs fractional integration tests and duration dependence tests based on the ARFIMA models and nonparametric smoothed hazard functions. Unlike traditional bubble tests,...

We evaluate the influence of five major uncertainty factors on four asset classes. Our time-varying findings suggest that each asset hedges only a particular uncertainty factor, whereas gold does more than one factor, especially during COVID-19. Our quantile regression results show that gold and...