developing countries see insufficient investment in projects that would reallocate labor towards better jobs. The concept of JLEs … investment. This paper shows that the optimal way to allocate subsidies to offset JLEs is through a competitive bidding process …

macro and micro levels are considered in the article. The algorithm for expressing investment risks through related risks … and conducting an investment risk assessment as a group process is defined. It has been determined that the defining … features of investment risks are the environment, duration, and scope of the project, risk position, profile, risk appetite …

formation of market prices, the nature of competition, the laws of production, monetary policy, and business cycles. This book …