We exploit scanner data to track payment choice for grocery purchases for a large panel of households over three years. We show that households focus most of their expenditures on one or at most two of these instruments in choosing between using cash, a check, or a card, and they very rarely...

In recent years, there has been an increasing trend in supply chains to employ a “control tower” approach to improve supply chain performance. Such a strategy includes vendor- or supplier-managed-inventory (VMI or SMI) where the supplier takes over the control tower, and the other strategy...