In 2004, European competition law had been faced with considerable changes due to the introduction of the new Council Regulation No. 1/2003. One of the major renewals was the replacement of the centralized notification system for inter-company cooperations in favor of a so-called legal exemption...

Recently, there is a perennial debate on the effects of renewable energy production and the adjacent rising uncertainty in the electricity supply on investment incentives in the generation as well as the transmission market. Moreover, the regulation of the transmission and distribution prices...

This paper determines the convenience yield implied in the European natural gas markets and investigates driving factors and according dynamics. For this, we approximate the convenience yield via an option-based approach, in which the convenience yield is determined as the difference between two...