This paper examines the effects of campaign spending limits on political competition and incumbency advantage. We study a reform in Brazil that imposed limits on campaign spending for mayoral elections. These limits were implemented with a discontinuous kink which we exploit for causal...

This paper examines the effects of campaign spending limits on political competition and incumbency advantage. We study a reform in Brazil that imposed limits on campaign spending for mayoral elections. These limits were implemented with a discontinuous kink which we exploit for causal...

This paper examines the effects of campaign spending limits on political competition and incumbency advantage. We study a reform in Brazil that imposed limits on campaign spending for mayoral elections. These limits were implemented with a discontinuous kink which we exploit for causal...

Pollution emissions from mobile sources have increased considerably over the past years in many Brazilian cities generating substantial health problems. As a response, automobile pollution environmental standards were implemented in 1988 and considerable emission reductions were attained....

This study is an attempt to analyze the probability of industrial firms in Sao Paulo to undertake environmental investments utilizing a database from the 1996 economic industrial survey Paep together with economic and social of the location where production units are located. To carry this on, a...

Pollution emissions from vehicles have increased considerably in recent years in many Brazilian cities, causing significant health problems. As a response, environmental standards for automobile pollution were implemented in 1988, and considerable reductions in emissions were attained....

The Travel Cost Method (TCM) estimates recreational use values through the analysis of travel expenditures incurred by consumers to enjoy recreational activities. The multiple destination or multipurpose problems arise when tourists either visit other attractions or have any other purpose in the...