Risk diversification is the basis of insurance and investment. It is thus crucial to study the effects that could limit it. One of them is the existence of systemic risk that affects all of the policies at the same time. We introduce here a probabilistic approach to examine the consequences of...

After reviewing the notion of Systemically Important Financial Institution (SIFI), we propose a first principles way to compute the price of the implicit put option that the State gives to such an institution. Our method is based on important results from Extreme Value Theory (EVT), one for the...

With a simple example of throwing a die, we show how to price an insurance policy. We further study how this price decreases when many similar policies are sold. The diversification benefits increase with the number of policies and similarly the risk loading of the premium required for the risk...