We investigate the strategic role of correlation between disclosure error and payoff shock in affecting a firm's cost of capital or share price. We show that the correlation affects the relationship between disclosure quality and the cost of capital or share price. The standard result where...

We introduce a theoretical model of executives with insider information who receive executive stock options (ESOs) as incentives and optimize their “outside wealth” portfolios. We show that insider information nullifies ESO incentivizing, misaligning executives' and shareholders' interests....