This paper deals with life care annuities, i.e. bundled products comprising a life annuity and long-term care insurance. It aims to assess the cost of converting retirement benefit into a life care annuity with graded benefits using a pre-existing public pay-as-you-go pension scheme. With this...

This paper reviews the two main methods used by government Social Security departments to draw up the so-called actuarial balance of the pay-as-you-go pension system, focusing especially on results, methodology and actuarial issues. The specific models studied are those in the United States,...

Background: This paper examines the implicit healthy life expectancy (HLE) used for actuarial calculations in some selected biometric data sets from Australia, China, Portugal, Spain and the US. We are interested in checking the demographic and epidemiological coherence of these data sets...