This comment on Alan Sykes Article "Economic 'Necessity' in International Law" on AJIL UNBOUND discusses the application of necessity clauses from an economic perspective especially in light of the incentives of investors, who are the third party beneficiaries of the investment treaty/contract....

Die Dissertation setzt sich mit der Frage auseinander, unter welchen Bedingungen die Reputation von Unternehmen einen Verhaltensanreiz für diese darstellt und als Sanktionsinstrument genutzt werden kann

Political Economy (PE) has been used in the national realm to understand political outcomes, including laws and jurisprudence applied to all substantive matters. PE identifies the interests of relevant actors as well as the characteristics of the institutions through which they pursue their...

Criminal investigation and prosecution of politicians, top civil servants and other public figures are topics frequently discussed in the media. The nature of the investigating or prosecuting authority varies between countries - from the general public prosecutor, through magistrates to...