In many markets, the price of a good or service is flexible. Buyers can either buy at the posted price or attempt to negotiate a lower price. A seller's decision about whether to allow flexible prices and subsequent outcome in these types of flexible price markets depends, in large part, on...

The "ratchet effect" refers to a phenomenon where workers whose compensation is based on productivity strategically restrict their output, relative to their capability, because they rationally anticipate that high levels of output will be met with increased or "ratcheted-up" expectations in the...