The objective of this paper is to discuss the use of modern frontier efficiency analysis to analyze firm performance in … research to incorporate the frontier efficiency approach. The chapter also serves as a guide for those who are already … conducting frontier efficiency analysis but are seeking guidance in using the methodology or defining inputs and outputs. We …

fund or strategy provides, whether the net expense ratio is reasonable for the style exposures provided and the efficiency … measures of style efficiency, one related to the expected style return of the strategy per bps of net expense ratio, which I … refer to as the Cost Efficiency Ratio (CER), and one related to the expected style return of the strategy relative to …