The first sale or patent exhaustion doctrine reflects the limited nature of patents. In Quanta Computer, Inc. v. LG Electronics, Inc., the Supreme Court reaffirmed the principle that the authorized sale of a patented item exhausts the patent as to that item. However, in the context of...

Planet earth is host to a dazzling variety of living organisms. This diversity of life, or – biodiversity, is vital to the survival and prosperity of humanity, supplying such vital amenities as food, clothing, shelter, natural biochemicals useful in medicine, industry, and agriculture, and...

This paper analyses the spatial mobility of technology transfer on the geo-economic space to study the patterns. The primary findings are that technological contacts decline with distance, through damped pulsations from research institutes to adopters, and that ‘institutional richness’ in...

This study here categorizes innovations considering the taxonomic characteristics of interaction between technologies in complex systems. The proposed classification, in a broad analogy with the ecology, includes four categories of technology considering the typology of their interaction: 1)...

The foundation for both the neo-Schumpeterian and original institutional economics school of thought is the emphasis on evolutionary processes in economies. The relationship between technology and the social rules and norms that coordinate the behavior of people provides the focus for their...

What is a disruptive innovation? This study confronts this question here by presenting different approaches, which endeavor to explain the dynamic behavior of disruptive technologies in competitive markets. Firstly, this study introduces destructive technology as a radical innovation, based on...

Technology is a complex system formed by different elements given by incremental and radical innovations to satisfy needs, achieve goals and/or solve problems of adopters to take advantage of important opportunities or to cope with consequential environmental threats. This study suggests...

Innovation is fundamentally dependent on the support of research technology. Governments and organizations have been spending billions of dollars to develop research technologies such as the Hubble Space Telescope and the Hadron Collider. Yet, our understanding of how specific attributes of...

This chapter will provide an introduction to the notions of Sustainable Development and ‘best available techniques’ (BATs), which appear ever so often in treaties and other international legal documents. The aim is to demonstrate the rising importance and usefulness of such notions,...

It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a media company in possession of a good fortune (an audience, brand recognition and decent revenues), must (still) be in want of innovation.The pace of change in our industry means that even the biggest, most successful, companies need to continually...