This paper explores the structure of party competition across democratic nations and its impact on the size and composition of government spending. The analytical framework expands on the norm of universalism, applies it to multi-party legislatures, and develops several propositions. We examine...

1 The Architecture of Constitutions -- 2 Political Information Technology and Public Choice: Background -- Voter Shopping: Experience and Search -- Product Advertising and Information Theory -- Product Advertising as Political Advertising -- Technology and the Costs of Campaigning -- The...