It is well-known that adding a little flexibility to the right place is an effective strategy to improve the performance of operations in the face of demand uncertainties, to ensure high level of capacity utilization. However, given that system disruptions are ubiquitous, the legacy flexibility...

Problem definition: In this paper, we study a reliable hub location model, the objective of which is to minimize the associated costs plus the penalty for unserved demands. The model assigns to each origin-destination pair a primary path and a backup path to hedge against the risk of random...