This study tested the unbiased pricing hypothesis in the copper, aluminum, nickel, and lead markets for the period October 2011 to May 2021. Wavelets and a time-varying parameter model with Bayesian priors were the primary tools. Each metal market was found to be weak market efficient, the...

This paper presents the METal ResOurces (METRO) model, a partial equilibrium model tailored for metal markets. It allows for a disaggregated representation of the mining sector and endogenous investment in extractive capacities. It can be calibrated to a large number of metal markets. Rare Earth...

This study investigates the price volatility of metals, using the GARCH and GJR models. First we examine the persistence of volatility and the leverage effect across metal markets taking into account the presence of outliers, and second we estimate the effects of oil price shocks on the price...