Vertical specialization is a measure of the import content of exports. Given the widely recognized importance of trade in tasks and global production networks, vertical specialization has recently gained the attention of international trade researchers and policy makers. In this note, we use...

Using a classical political economy approach we find aggregate regularities in the patterns of technical change followed by high income and developing countries (mostly from Latin America and Sub Saharan Africa) respectively. Such regularities allow us to propose an alternative definition of...