which are under patent protection in India. The Indian prices of DPP-4 inhibitors are higher than those of other drugs in … the same segment, but only a fraction of the price in the U.S. and other developed countries (i.e., the patent holders … practice international differential pricing). The patent holders also license the products out voluntarily to local …

We show how characterizing optimal patent policy for the pharmaceutical industry only requires information about …, we use data on Paragraph IV patent challenges, and two quasi-experimental approaches: one based on changes in patent laws … and another on the allocation of patent applications to examiners. We find that extending effective patent duration …