We study the effects of “corruption distance,” defined as the difference in corruption levels between country pairs, on bilateral foreign direct investment (FDI). Using a “gravity” model and the Heckman (1979) two-stage framework on a data set of 45 countries from 1997 to 2007, we find...

This study examines how the foreign currency denomination of external debt influences the currency composition of foreign exchange reserves (FXR). We follow the Gopinath and Stein (2018) framework to construct a theoretical model in which central banks consider the buffer-stock role of FXR when...

We examine Chinese-US trade flows over the 1994-2012 period, and find that, in line with the conventional wisdom, the value of China's exports to the US responds negatively to real renminbi (RMB) appreciation, while import responds positively. Further, the combined empirical price effects on...

This paper studies the effects of external debt currency denomination on the currency composition of foreign exchange reserves (FXR). We construct a theoretical model in which central banks consider the buffer-stock role of FXR when managing their currency composition of FXR. The model predicts...

Volatility as a risk measure has been criticized and dismissed on various grounds. Yet, volatility is the dominating risk measure in the investment management industry. Volatility is typically calculated as the arithmetic standard deviation of returns. At the same time, it is industry practice...

We discuss the problems associated with changing individual correlation values in a valid correlation matrix and outline a solution for calculating upper and lower bounds within which correlations can be modified, such that the resulting correlation matrix is still valid. We illustrate two...