We build on the knowledge-based view to study the relative impact of alternative sources of R&D on innovation performance. We contrast two arguments: One is that diversity of knowledge is better for innovation, because the integration of a larger variety of knowledge helps create new products...

We analyze the influence of a regional economic integration agreement (REIA) on a firm's investments in research and development (R&D). A country's entry into a REIA creates two competing influences on the firm's R&D investments. On the one hand, increased competition in product markets after...

We analyze learning-by-doing and how emerging market multinationals use it to upgrade their capabilities. Building on an in-depth case study, we present two novel arguments. First, we clarify the concept of learning-by-doing by identifying four distinct processes in which learning-by-doing...