A growing body of literature finds that firm-level carbon emissions are associated with a number of adverse outcomes such as higher firm risk, lower firm value, higher option premiums to cover downside tail risk, and declines in future profitability. Given these adverse effects, this paper...

Labor unemployment insurance reduces unemployment concerns. We argue that these benefitsmoderate incentives to smooth earnings to reduce employees' concerns about unemployment risk.Using exogenous variations in unemployment insurance benefits, we find evidence consistent withthis argument. We...

Studies suggest that, pursuant to the implementation of SFAS 133, even sophisticated users of financial statements find it difficult to comprehend earnings implications of hedging derivatives. Moreover, due to stringent hedge accounting requirements under these standards, many economic hedges do...

Extant theories suggest that managers may use hedging either to alleviate underinvestment problems caused by costly external financing or to promote overinvestment by circumventing the scrutiny of external capital markets. We empirically investigate this issue using a hand-collected dataset of...

Prior research has shown that trust has a positive effect on the economic welfare of nations. We investigate this result by analyzing the effect of endowed trust on agency problems within organizations. We find that firms located in U.S. counties where trust is more prevalent suffer less from...

We ask whether firms hedge optimally by analyzing the impact the NYSE/NASDAQ listing rule changes have had, which exogenously imposed board composition changes on a subset of firms, on financial risk management. Using new proxies for the extent of financial risk management in non-financial firms...