Recently, the application of the proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is extensively increasing as a popular renewable energy source. PEMFCs need low temperature for the operation along with high power density and easy implementation ability. These characteristics turned them into the...

Parameter identification of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a good way of increasing their efficiency in the next designs. In this study, an optimized improved Elman neural network based on a new hybrid optimization algorithm is proposed for this purpose. The proposed algorithm...

This paper presents a multi-criteria economics, environment, and thermodynamics assessment for a combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system consist of a heat recovery system, a small absorption chiller, a 5kW PEMFC stack, gas compressor, and a humidifier. This study presents an improved...

This study proposes an optimal model to design and simulate the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) systems. The purpose of this paper is to present an improved version of seagull optimization algorithm for optimal parameter identification of the PEMFC stacks. The new algorithm uses the...

A new methodology has been proposed for optimal size selection of a hybrid energy system (HES) including lithium-ion battery and polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell to supply the driving force of a locomotive. The main purpose is to minimize the total cost of HES with different...

In this paper, a multi-objective optimization method has been established on a hybrid PV, wind, fuel cell, and battery system. The optimization is based on three models including energy supply reliability, electricity efficiency, and capital cost of the hybrid system. A new model of the Elephant...