Numbers ranging from half a trillion to two trillion dollars have been cited in recent years for global subsidies for fossil fuels. How are these figures calculated and why are they so different? The most commonly used methods for measuring subsidies are the price-gap approach-quantifying the...

The paper presents the nine country cases and draws lessons in the concluding section. Indonesia, which is the only country in this paper that has retained universal price subsidies to date, is covered first. Senegal, with repeated attempts to end price subsidies followed by re-introduction, is...

Numbers ranging from half a trillion to two trillion dollars have been cited in recent years for global subsidies for fossil fuels. How are these figures calculated and why are they so different? The most commonly used methods for measuring subsidies are the price-gap approach -- quantifying the...