Nowadays, to achieve sustainable development, many developing countries are worrying about the deteriorating lock-in issues of high carbon. Therefore, policies including tax break, consumer green education, and subsidy for green production are set out to motivate multinational firms (MNFs) to...

Remanufactured product, by definition, is the product with the same-as-new quality but a low cost because the components are usually reused and/or repaired. Consumers have doubts about the wastage status of the components so risk-aversion and quality untrust are incurred when they buy...