In vertical markets, eliminating double marginalization with a two-part tariff may not be possible due to downstream firms' risk aversion. When demand is uncertain, contracts with large fixed fees expose the downstream rm to more risk than contracts that are more reliant on variable fees. In...

Double marginalization is a common inefficiency in vertical markets. One theory of the source of double marginalization – even when two-part tariff contracts are available – is downstream risk aversion. When demand is uncertain, two-part tariffs with large fixed components can expose the...

Reclassification risk is a major concern in health insurance where contracts are typically one year in length but health shocks often persist for much longer. While most health systems with private insurers emphasize short-run contracts paired with substantial pricing regulations to reduce...

This paper develops a strategy with simple implementation and limited data requirements to identify spatial distortion of supply from demand – or, equivalently, unequal access to supply among regions – in transportation markets. We apply our method to ride-level, multi-platform data from New...

We build a structural econometric model of pricing substitutes with menu costs and apply it to quasi-experimental data to estimate the share of physical menu costs (material and labor costs of price adjustment) in total menu costs. The data comes from the adoption of electronic shelf labels...