This paper explores the implications of possible bias cancellation using Rubin-style matching methods with complete and incomplete data. After reviewing the naı̈ve causal estimator and the approaches of Heckman and Rubin to the causal estimation problem, we show how missing data can complicate...

Managers play a crucial role in shaping firm performance. However, we know little about how managers perform on one of their key responsibilities: managing strategic decisions. The challenge of studying the quality of these decisions is that we often only observe the outcome associated with the...

Publicly traded firms in the U.S. typically determine C.E.O. compensation by benchmarking the pay of their C.E.O.s against the pay of C.E.O.s in “peer” firms. The naming of particular peer companies by individual firms constitutes a supra-firm relational structure (network) in which an...

The extent and causes of trends and cross-national variation in social class and occupational status mobility have been major topics of sociological research for decades. This topic has acquired renewed salience as inequality in many industrialized countries has increased and as improvements in...