This paper examines the impact of Kyoto Protocol target setting regime on environmental efficiency and carbon shadow pricing. We extract shadow price estimates and efficiency scores from a comprehensive dataset of 125 countries in the first Kyoto commitment period (2008-2012) using a stochastic...

The relation between defined-benefit pension discount rates and funding status is more complex than it might first appear. Existing evidence suffers from estimation biases which makes precise inference unreliable. We document the biases and quantify their impact on inference in relation to...

Time series anomaly detection plays a critical role in various applications, from finance to industrial monitoring. Effective models need to capture both the inherent characteristics of time series data and the unique patterns associated with anomalies. While traditional forecasting-based and...