There is perhaps no area in antitrust policy that is more prone to confusion and misunderstandings than enforcement against exclusionary conduct violations. This article develops a framework for understanding anti-competitive conduct policy that is built around three building blocks:...

We develop a methodology that quantifies from data on itinerary demand consumers' valuations of the characteristics of airline networks, and show that airline network effects are highly valued. We show that these effects are crucial for determining consumer impacts of public policies that affect...

The Internet has evolved from a “hierarchy” — in which interconnection was achieved by having Internet Service Providers (ISPs) purchase transit services from top-level backbones and top-level backbone providers engage in direct settlement-free peering — to a “mesh” in which peering...

We extend the theory of exclusive dealing to settings where the incumbent seller’s product is used with multiple complements in a distribution chain and the incumbent can sign exclusive dealing contracts with more than one of them. The model is motivated by the market for bio-similar...