This study introduces a non linear model of commodity futures prices which accounts for the pressures due to hedging and speculative activities. The interaction with the corresponding spot market is considered assuming that a long term equilibrium relationship holds between futures and spot...

Emerging market economies have recently accumulated large stocks of foreign reserves. In this paper we address the question of what are the main factors explaining reserve holdings in nine developing countries located in Asia and Latin America. Monthly data from January 1985 to May 2006 are used...

Over the 1990–2010 time period, a dynamic interaction between spot and futures returns in five commodity markets (copper, cotton, oil, silver, and soybeans) is empirically validated. An error correction relationship for the cash returns and a non-linear parameterization of the corresponding...